Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
Volume 11, Issue 3 , Pages 135-142 , September 2010

Normal Development of the Lung and Premature Birth

  • Lucia J. Smith

      Affiliations

    • Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001 Westmead NSW Australia 2145
    • Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW Australia
    • ,
  • Karen O. McKay

      Affiliations

    • Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001 Westmead NSW Australia 2145
    • Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW Australia
    • ,
  • Peter P. van Asperen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001 Westmead NSW Australia 2145
    • Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW Australia
    • ,
  • Hiran Selvadurai

      Affiliations

    • Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001 Westmead NSW Australia 2145
    • Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW Australia
    • ,
  • Dominic A. Fitzgerald

      Affiliations

    • Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001 Westmead NSW Australia 2145
    • Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001 Westmead NSW Australia. 2145. Tel.: +61 2 98453397; Fax: +61 2 98453396.

References 

  1. Boyden E. Development and Growth of the Airways. In:  Hodson AW editors. Development of the Lung. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1977;p. 3–35
  2. Burri P. In:  McDonald John A editors. Structural Aspects of Prenatal and Postnatal Development and Growth of the Lung. Marcel Dekker; 1997;p. 1–35
  3. Hislop A, Reid L. Intra-Pulmonary Arterial Development During Fetal Life - Branching Pattern and Structure. J Anat. 1972;113:35–48
  4. Risau W, Flamme I. Vasculogenesis. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 1995;11:73–91
  5. Burri P, Tarek M. A Novel Mechanism of Capillary Growth in the Rat Pulmonary Microcirculation. Anat Rec. 1990;228:35–45
  6. Burri P. Fetal and Postnatal Development of the Lung. Ann Rev Physiol. 1984;46:617–628
  7. Bush A, Carlson K-H, Zach M. Growing Up with Lung Disease: The Lung in Transition to Adult Life. European Respiratory Monograph. 2002;7:1–24
  8. Alescio T, Cassini A. Induction In Vitro of Tracheal Buds by Pulmonary Mesenchyme Grafted on Tracheal Epithelium. J Exp Zoo. 1962;150:83–94
  9. Jones R, Reid L. Development of the Pulmonary Vasculature. In:  Harding R,  Pinkerton K,  Plopper C editor. The Lung: Development, Aging and the Environment. 1st ed.. London: Elsevier Academic Press; 2004;p. 81–103
  10. Hieronymi G. Veranderungen der Lungenstruker in Verschiedenen Lebensaltern. Translated by Hanna, F. Verh d Dtsch Ges f Path 1960; 44:129–30.
  11. Boyden E, Tompsett D. The Postnatal Growth of the Lung in the Dog. Acta Anat. 1961;47:185–215
  12. Kitaoka H, Burri P, Weibel E. Development of the Human Fetal Airway Tree: Analysis of the Numerical Density of Airway Endtips. Anat Rec. 1996;244:207–213
  13. Campiche M, Gautier A, Hernandez E, Reymond A. An Electron Microscope Study of the Fetal Development of Human Lung. Pediatrics. 1963 Dec 1;32(6):976–994
  14. Merkus P, ten Have-Opbroek A, Quanjer P. Human Lung Growth: A Review. Pediatric Pulmonology. 1996;21:383–397
  15. Abman S. Developmental Physiology of the Pulmonary Circulation. In:  Harding R,  Pinkerton K,  Plopper C editor. The Lung: Development, Aging and the Environment. 1st ed.. London: Elsevier Academic Press; 2004;p. 105–117
  16. deMello D, Sawyer D, Galvin N, Reid L. Early Fetal Development of Lung Vasculature. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997 May 1;16:568–581
  17. Mercurio A, Rhodin J. An Electron Microscopic Study on the Type I Pneumocyte in the Cat: Differentiation. Am J Anat. 1976;146(3):255–271
  18. McGowan S, Snyder J. Development of Alveoli. In:  Harding R,  Pinkerton K,  Plopper C editor. The Lung: Development, Aging and the Environment. 1st ed.. London: Elsevier Academic Press; 2004;p. 55–73
  19. Otto-Verberne C, Ten Have-Opbroek A, Balkema J, Franken C. Detection of the Type II Cell or its Precursor Before Week 20 of Human Gestation. Using Antibodies Against Surfactant-Associated Proteins. Anat Embryol. 1988;178:29–39
  20. Sanders R, Hassett R, Vatter A. Isolation of Lung Lamellar Bodies and their Conversion to Tubular Myelin Figures In Vitro. Anat Rec. 1980;198:485–501
  21. Orgeig S, Daniels C, Sullivan L. Development of the Pulmonary Surfactant System. In:  Harding R,  Pinkerton K,  Plopper C editor. The Lung: Development, Aging and the Enviroment. 1st ed.. London: Elsevier Academic Press; 2004;p. 149–167
  22. Serrano A, Perez-Gil J. Protein-Lipid Interactions and Surface Activity in the Pulmonary Surfactant System. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids. 2006 Jun;141:105–118
  23. Possmayer F, Yu S, Weber J, Harding P. Pulmonary Surfactant. Canad J Biochem Cell Biol. 1984;62(11):1121–1133
  24. von Neergaard K. New Notions on a Fundamental Principle of Respiratory Mechanics: The Retractile Force of the Lung. Dependant on the Surface Tension in the Alveoli. Z Ges Exp Med. 1929;66:373–394
  25. Avery M, Mead J. Surface Properties in Relation to Atelectasis and Hyaline Membrane Disease. Am J Dis Child. 1959 May 1;97:517–523
  26. Jobe A, Ikegami M. Lung Development and Function in Preterm Infants in the Surfactant Treatment Era. Ann Rev Physiol. 2000;62:825–846
  27. Hooper S, Wallace M. Physical, Endocrine and Growth Factors in Lung Development. In:  Harding R,  Pinkerton K,  Plopper C editor. The Lung: Development, Aging and the Environment. 1st ed.. London: Elsevier Academic Press; 2004;p. 131–148
  28. Liggins G, Howie R. A Controlled Trial of Antepartum Glucocorticoid Treatment for Prevention of the Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Infants. Pediatrics. 1972 Oct 1;50:515–525
  29. Liggins G. The Role of Cortisol in Preparing the Fetus for Birth. Reprod Fertil Dev. 1994;6:141–150
  30. Langston C, Kida K, Reed M, Thurlbeck W. Human Lung Growth in Late Gestation and in the Neonate. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984;129:607–613
  31. Evans M, Cabral L, Stephens R, Freeman G. Renewal of Alveolar Epithelium in the Rat Following Exposure to NO2. Am J Pathol. 1973;70:175–198
  32. Zeltner T, Caduff J, Gehr P, Pfenninger J, Burri P. The Postnatal Development and Growth of the Human Lung. I. Morphometry. Respiration Physiology. 1987;67:247–267
  33. Hislop A, Reid L. Development of the Acinus in the Human Lung. Thorax. 1974;29:90–94
  34. Hislop A, Reid L. Pulmonary Arterial Development During Childhood: Branching Pattern and Structure. Thorax. 1973;28:129–135
  35. Albertine K, Pysher T. Pulmonary Consequences of Preterm Birth. In:  Harding R,  Pinkerton K,  Plopper C editor. The Lung: Development, Aging and the Environment. 1st ed.. London: Elsevier Academic Press; 2004;p. 237–251
  36. Tucker J, McGuire W. Epidemiology of Preterm Birth. BMJ. 2004 Sep 18;329:675–678
  37. Clements J. Surfactant in Pulmonary Disease. N Engl J Med. 1965 Jun 24;272:1336–1337
  38. Hochheim K. Ueber Einige Befunde in den Lungen von Neugeborenen und die Beziehung Derselben zur Aspiration von Fruchtwasser. Translated by Hanna,F. Zentralblatt Path 1903; 14:537–8.
  39. Farrell P, Avery M. Hyaline Membrane Disease. In:  Murray JF editors. Lung Disease State of the Art 1974–1975. New York: American Lung Association; 1976;p. 1–32
  40. Northway WJ, Rosen R, Porter D. Pulmonary Disease Following Respirator Therapy of Hyaline-Membrane Disease: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 1967 Feb 16;276:357–368
  41. Enhorning G, Shennan A, Possmayer F, Dunn M, Chen C, Milligan J. Prevention of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Tracheal Instillation of Surfactant: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Pediatrics. 1985 Aug;76(2):145–153
  42. Kwong M, Egan E, Notter R, Shapiro D. Double-Blind Clinical Trial of Calf Lung Surfactant Extract for the Prevention of Hyaline Membrane Disease in Extremely Premature Infants. Pediatrics. 1985 Oct;76(4):585–592
  43. Cummings J, D’Eugenio D, Gross S. A Controlled Trial of Dexamethasone in Preterm Infatns at High Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 1989;320(23):1505–1510
  44. American Academy of Pediatrics, Canadian Paediatric Society. Postnatal Corticosteroids to Treat or Prevent Chronic Lung Disease in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics 2002; 109(2):330–8.
  45. Sherwood L. Respiratory System. In:  Westby J,  Fuller B editor. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. 1st ed.. St Paul: West Publishing Company; 1989;p. 406–461
  46. Weaver T, Johnson-Conkright J. Functions of Surfactant Proteins B and C. Ann Rev Physiol. 2001;63:555–578

PII: S1526-0542(09)00100-6

doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2009.12.006

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
Volume 11, Issue 3 , Pages 135-142 , September 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution