Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
Volume 8, Issue 3 , Pages 212-220 , September 2007

Microbiological aspects of bacterial lower respiratory tract illness in children: atypical pathogens

  • Joshua Wolf
    • ,
  • Andrew J. Daley

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Microbiology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia. Tel.: +61 3 9345 4850; Fax: +61 3 9345 5764.

References 

  1. Waites KB, Talkington DF. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004;17:697–728
  2. Othman N, Isaacs D, Kesson A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in Australian children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005;41:671–676
  3. Lee I, Kim TS, Yoon HK. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: CT features in 16 patients. Eur Radiol. 2006;16:719–725
  4. Kotikoski MJ, Kleemola M, Palmu AA. No evidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in acute myringitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23:465–466
  5. Raty R, Ronkko E, Kleemola M. Sample type is crucial to the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia by PCR. J Med Microbiol. 2005;54:287–291
  6. Palma SC, Martinez TM, Salinas SM, Rojas GP. Portacion faringea de Mycoplasma pneumoniae en ninos chilenos. Revista Chilena de Infectologia. 2005;22:247–250
  7. Dorigo-Zetsma JW, Wilbrink B, van der Nat H, Bartelds AI, Heijnen ML, Dankert J. Results of molecular detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae among patients with acute respiratory infection and in their household contacts reveals children as human reservoirs. J Infect Dis. 2001;183:675–678
  8. Nir-Paz R, Michael-Gayego A, Ron M, Block C. Evaluation of eight commercial tests for Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies in the absence of acute infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;12:685–688
  9. American Academy of Pediatrics. Chlamydial infections. In:  Pickering LK editors. Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 27th edition. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2006;p. 249–257
  10. Hammerschlag MR. Pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae in children: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003;36:384–390
  11. Kumar S, Hammerschlag MR. Acute respiratory infection due to Chlamydia pneumoniae: current status of diagnostic methods. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:568–576
  12. Miyashita N, Niki Y, Nakajima M, Fukano H, Matsushima T. Prevalence of asymptomatic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae in subjectively healthy adults. Chest. 2001;119:1416–1419
  13. Mandell LA, Bartlett JG, Dowell SF, et al. Update of practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:1405–1433
  14. Telfer BL, Moberley SA, Hort KP, et al. Probable psittacosis outbreak linked to wild birds. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:391–397
  15. Hughes C, Maharg P, Rosario P, et al. Possible nosocomial transmission of psittacosis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1997;18:165–168
  16. Fraser DW, Tsai TR, Orenstein W, et al. Legionnaires’ disease: description of an epidemic of pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1977;297:1189–1197
  17. Orenstein WA, Overturf GD, Leedom JM, et al. The frequency of Legionella infection prospectively determined in children hospitalized with pneumonia. J Pediatr. 1981;99:403–406
  18. Greenberg D, Chiou CC, Famigilleti R, Lee TC, Yu VL. Problem pathogens: paediatric legionellosis – implications for improved diagnosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6:529–535
  19. Levy I, Rubin LG. Legionella pneumonia in neonates: a literature review. J Perinatol. 1998;18:287–290
  20. Campins M, Ferrer A, Callis L, et al. Nosocomial Legionnaires’ disease in a children's hospital. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:228–234
  21. Quagliano PV, Das Narla L. Legionella pneumonia causing multiple cavitating pulmonary nodules in a 7-month-old infant. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;161:367–368
  22. Blazquez RM, Espinosa FJ, Martinez-Toldos CM, Alemany L, Garcia-Orenes MC, Segovia M. Sensitivity of urinary antigen test in relation to clinical severity in a large outbreak of Legionella pneumonia in Spain. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005;24:488–491
  23. Edelstein PH, McKinney RM, Meyer RD, Edelstein MA, Krause CJ, Finegold SM. Immunologic diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease: cross-reactions with anaerobic and microaerophilic organisms and infections caused by them. J Infect Dis. 1980;141:652–655
  24. Halperin SA, Wang EE, Law B, et al. Epidemiological features of pertussis in hospitalized patients in Canada, 1991–1997: report of the Immunization Monitoring Program – Active (IMPACT). Clin Infect Dis. 1999;28:1238–1243
  25. Cherry JD, Heininger U. Pertussis and other Bordetella infections. In:  Feigin RD,  Cherry JD editor. Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1998;p. 1423–1440
  26. Baron S, Njamkepo E, Grimprel E, et al. Epidemiology of pertussis in French hospitals in 1993 and 1994: thirty years after a routine use of vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17:412–418
  27. Munoz FM. Pertussis in infants, children, and adolescents: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2006;17:14–19
  28. Knorr L, Fox JD, Tilley PA, Ahmed-Bentley J. Evaluation of real-time PCR for diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infection. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:62
  29. Crowcroft NS, Pebody RG. Recent developments in pertussis. Lancet. 2006;367:1926–1936
  30. Hallander HO. Microbiological and serological diagnosis of pertussis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;28(Suppl 2):S99–S106

PII: S1526-0542(07)00067-X

doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2007.07.004

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
Volume 8, Issue 3 , Pages 212-220 , September 2007

Article Tools