Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
Volume 5, Issue 1 , Pages 2-8 , March 2004

Development, structure and function of the upper airways

  • Petr Pohunek

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Petr Pohunek. Tel.: +420 2 2443 2255; Fax: +420 2 2443 2221

References 

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  3. Djupesland PG, Lyholm B. Changes in nasal dimensions in infancy. Acta. Otolaryngol. 1998;118:852–858
  4. Arens R, McDonough JM, Corbin AM, et al.  Linear dimensions of the upper airway structure during development. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002;165:117–122
  5. Litman RS, Weissend EE, Shibata D, Westesson PL. Developmental changes of laryngeal dimensions in unparalyzed, sedated children. Anesthesiology. 2003;98:41–45
  6. Lieberman DE, McCarthy RC, Hiiemae KM, Palmer JB. Ontogeny of postnatal hyoid and larynx descent in humans. Arch. Oral. Biol. 2001;46:117–128
  7. Wantia N, Rettinger G. The current understanding of cleft lip malformations. Facial Plast. Surg. 2002;18:147–153
  8. Hartel J, Kriens O, Kundt G. Incidence of cleft lip, alveolus and palate forms. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 1991;19:144–146
  9. Chandra RK, Gerber ME, Holinger LD. Histological insight into the pathogenesis of severe laryngomalacia. Int. J. Pediat. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;61:31–38
  10. Lancaster JL, Hanafi Z, Jackson SR. Adult presentation of a tracheoesophageal fistula with co-existing laryngeal cleft. J. Laryngol. Otol. 1999;113:469–472
  11. Nakayama DK, Killian A, McBride T, Mutich R, Motoyama EK. Pulmonary function studies in a newborn with congenital laryngeal atresia. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2003;26:210–212
  12. Imani F, Ono T, Hiyama S, Ishiwata Y, Kurda T. Comparison of the sizes of adenoidal tissue and upper airways of subjects with and without cleft lip and palate. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop. 2002;122:189–194
  13. Vogler RC, Ii FJ, Pilgram TK. Age-specific size of the normal adenoid pad on magnetic resonance imaging. Clin. Otolaryngol. 2000;25:392–395
  14. Bush A, O’Callaghan C. Primary ciliary dyskinesia. Arch. Dis. Child. 2002;87:363–365

PII: S1526-0542(03)00098-8

doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2003.09.002

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
Volume 5, Issue 1 , Pages 2-8 , March 2004

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